When the term "individualism" is mentioned, it often carries a negative connotation. This is due to its association with self-centered behavior that prioritizes personal well-bing over the benefits of society. Historically, Korea’s zeitgeist has always been to communitarian ethics. However, a recent study suggests that individualistic tendencies are on the rise in the nation. Is the prevalence of individualism in Korean society an entirely negative phenomenon? Perhaps not. Many of us may possess inherent individualistic tendencies and conceal them in society. In fact, individualism can play a constructive role, especially in empowering the younger generation to lead autonomous lives. Additionally, it can protect the contributions of those individuals who make sacrifices for the advantage of the community. It is crucial to dispel misconceptions surrounding individualism and emphasize a balance between individualism and communitarian ethics. I call this “healthy individualism.” 

   Individualism is a belief system that asserts the ethical primacy of the interests of the individual is paramount within all circumstances and contexts. In other words, it is a state of society in which the protection of individual interests within that society takes precedence over those of the group. This dictionary interpretation associated with individualism seems intrinsically tied to egoism, which firmly brings us the negative perception of individualism itself. In this context, egoism refers to an ideology that is completely focused on one’s interests, with no regard or consideration of the welfare of others or for the general benefit of broader society. Egoism also implies that the purpose is for oneself, and the individual achieves self-interest by using others as a means. On the contrary, authentic individualism is a value system rooted in human dignity, personal autonomy, independence, and self-accountability. It can be defined as the conviction that one's principles should guide one's actions. In other words, individualism pursues a subjective value rather than selfishness. Pure individualism doesn't advocate for the supremacy of "I" but instead underscores that the individual, as the subject, assumes responsibilities and functions as an engaged member of society. It finds its true essence when individuals are valued and can reciprocally respect one another, all while maintaining their autonomy as integral components of the communal group. If individualism permeates society, it can be said that it is entered via the process of diversity and inclusion. A culture that respects and embraces diversity can be developed via individualism. Each individual has unique experiences and backgrounds, and by acknowledging and respecting them, society can become more varied and inclusive.

   The concept of communitarian ethics is an idea that regards ourselves as inseparable from the cognition that we are members of a particular family, class, community, state, or nation. Individualism is the exact opposite. Individualists give absolute priority to individual autonomy above all else, leading to a general perception that the counterpart of communitarian ethics can be said to be individualism. However, if individualism becomes the prevailing societal norm, would communitarian ethics inevitably fade away? Perhaps not. Even if individualism holds merits, communitarian ethics retain their significance as an essential component of society to prevent the lack of a sense of community. In essence, individualism can be compatible with communitarian ethics harmoniously. Indeed, countries scoring high on individualism indices often try to accommodate opposing perspectives to a certain extent, rather than pursuing a purely individualistic ethos. Contemporary adherents of individualism highly value personal liberty and rights, readily defending these values when they are threatened. More importantly, they also uphold the principle of egalitarianism, which respects the rights and freedoms of others. Modern modified individualism hinges on the belief that personal freedom and distinctiveness can be enjoyed without encroaching on the rights of others. And at the same time, it acknowledges that individual fulfillment cannot be achieved in isolation from the community. In this light, individualism isn't an ideology fundamentally at odds with communitarian ethics. Instead, the two can foster a symbiotic relationship, differing only in which takes precedence, individuals or communities.

   Rooted in the belief that individuals hold greater significance than groups, individualism comparatively upholds human rights. In fact, if you look at the ten countries that value human rights the most, they are all Western realms known for their individualism. Consequently, individualism plays a crucial role in protecting human rights. Economic disparities are another facet demarcating individualistic and collective states. In essence, individualism is closely related to economic development. Some countries with individualistic cultures, such as Australia, Japan, or nations found in Western Europe or North America, have seen considerable economic growth. Meanwhile, parts of the world such as the Middle East, North Africa, and South America, which have relatively low economic growth, still have a collectivist culture. Along with this, economic individualism suggests that people should be guaranteed autonomy to make their own economic decisions directly, with little to no interference from the government, the public, or other organizations. This further motivates individuals to achieve higher goals through competition among individuals by improving their capabilities and doing their best. It also accepts novel concepts and unconventional approaches, so an environment for innovation is more likely to be developed. And if individualism becomes widespread, it will be easier to promote self-realization and independence. Individualism helps each individual understand and strengthen their values, beliefs, and objectives more clearly. You can build stronger self-awareness and beliefs in the process of finding one’s own way apart from social pressures and customs. In conclusion, thanks to the view of individuals as autonomous and independent subjects, people can live autonomously as active living subjects.

   In modern society, the ongoing discourse between collectivist and individualist ideals is incessant. However, presently, the tendency toward individualist inclinations is becoming conspicuous worldwide. It is a misconception to think that individualists are selfish and favor a desolate society for the future. Individualism, in its true sense, refers to acknowledging that others have the same rights as I have, as well as having an attitude to stand up for those rights when necessary. Of course, there may be times when arguments collide, but trying to reach a compromise as much as possible is a step closer to mature individualism.